Final answer:
The claim about Thomas Jefferson being a pioneer of cultural relativism is false. The rationale in the Declaration of Independence came from Locke's theories, which is true. The colonizationist scheme was unpopular with black abolitionists, making that statement false, and Benjamin Franklin did establish the first abolitionist society, making that statement true.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Thomas Jefferson was a pioneer in the development of the modern idea of cultural relativism and the modern idea of racial difference is false. While Jefferson is recognized for his contributions to American political philosophy and his role in drafting the Declaration of Independence, the concept of cultural relativism was formally introduced by an anthropologist named Franz Boas. Cultural relativism involves the understanding and analyzing of cultures within their own context rather than from the anthropologist's own cultural biases.
It is true that the rationale Jefferson used in the Declaration of Independence came primarily from the theories of John Locke, as indicated in the provided references. One of Locke's key theories was the notion of natural rights, which greatly influenced Jefferson's thinking. As for the colonizationist scheme of the early 1800s, it was generally unpopular among black abolitionists, which means the statement presented in the question is false. Benjamin Franklin did indeed help to establish the first abolitionist society in America, so that statement is true.
Regarding the comparison between Jefferson and Madison in finding peaceful solutions with the British and French, the provided materials do not clearly support this claim as true or false.