Final answer:
Option B. Maintaining energy balance is crucial for weight management, with calorie intake and expenditure being key components that can be manipulated. An imbalance by overeating leads to weight gain, while consuming less leads to weight loss. Adjusting these components can help achieve desired weight changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The consequences of being in or out of energy balance are significant regarding weight management and overall health. Being in energy balance means that the energy one consumes from food is equivalent to the energy expended through basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermogenesis, and physical activities, leading to weight maintenance. Conversely, being out of balance, by consuming more calories than expended, can result in weight gain and potential health problems, such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Likewise, consistently consuming fewer calories than expended leads to weight loss.
Components that can be manipulated to affect weight change include calorie intake and calorie expenditure. This energy balance equation indicates that to gain weight, calories consumed must exceed those burned, whereas to lose weight, one needs to burn more calories than consumed, creating a negative energy balance. Adjusting food portions, increasing physical activity, and understanding one's BMR can aid in achieving the desired weight change.