Final answer:
Plant foliage and roots and animal structures like alveoli in lungs and villi in intestines have high surface areas. Plants possess cell walls, plastids, and a large central vacuole. Animal cells have lysosomes and centrioles, absent in plant cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
In both plants and animals, high surface area structures are important for various physiological processes. In plants, the foliage and roots are structures with high surface areas adapted to their environmental niches. The foliage, or leaves, allow for efficient photosynthesis because of a high surface area to volume ratio, critical for absorbing sunlight. The roots extend into the soil to maximize water and nutrient uptake. Animal cells, in contrast, have structures such as the lungs in mammals, which contain alveoli, and the villi in the small intestine, both of which have a high surface area to facilitate gas exchange and nutrient absorption, respectively.
Plants have unique structures such as cell walls, plastids, and a large central vacuole that are absent in animal cells. These structures contribute to the plant's rigidity and the ability to perform photosynthesis. Animal cells contain other structures such as lysosomes and centrioles that are typically not found in plant cells.