Question

What is the single most important source of HIV and HBV in the workplace?

a) Contaminated needles and sharps
b) Unsanitary workplace conditions
c) Airborne particles
d) Contaminated water supply

Answer 1

Contaminated needles and sharps are the most important source of HIV and HBV transmission in the workplace, with health-care settings being at particular risk. Preventative measures include using protective equipment, following strict hygiene practices, and post-exposure protocols.

Step-by-step explanation:

The single most important source of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) in the workplace, particularly in health care settings, is contaminated needles and sharps. These can lead to infection through needle-stick injuries to health-care workers, or through other occupational exposures to these materials. To reduce the transmission of HBV in healthcare settings, it is crucial to practice standard precautions like wearing protective gloves and face shields, using disposable syringes and needles, washing skin with soap and water thoroughly after possible exposure, and following detailed post-exposure protocols, such as the administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination. Surfaces that might have come into contact with the virus should be disinfected with a recommended solution, such as 10% bleach.

Answer 2

The single most important source of HIV and HBV in the workplace is contaminated needles and sharps (Option A).

Step-by-step explanation:

The primary source of HIV and HBV in the workplace is contaminated needles and sharps. Health-care settings can minimize transmission through proper use of PPE, safe needle practices, hand hygiene, and immediate post-exposure action.

Health care environments pose a risk where professionals might encounter infected body fluids, especially blood, through sharp-related injuries. HIV and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are not transmitted through casual contact, airborne particles, or a contaminated water supply. Infection occurs through direct exposure to infected bodily fluids via activities such as needle sticks, IV drug use, sexual transmission, and transfusions.

To reduce the transmission of HBV in health-care settings, stringent precautionary measures like the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), safe handling and disposal of needles and sharps, regular hand hygiene, and prompt post-exposure interventions are essential. Though vaccines provide significant protection, adherence to proper protocols and practices is vital to minimize risks.

Thus, the correct option is A.