Final answer:
Migrants and refugees face several adversities, including entrenched urban unemployment, discrimination, cultural conflicts, and the daunting task of establishing new social relations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Migrants and refugees face a multitude of challenges when settling into new societies. Beyond the obvious struggle of securing basic needs such as food, water, shelter, and medical care, they often confront societal issues. These include unemployment due to already saturated urban job markets, discrimination, and cultural clashes. Migration within low-income countries frequently results in increased urban unemployment as people relocate from rural areas due to factors like ethnic violence, poverty, and drought.
Illegal immigration arises when individuals bypass established channels of entry due to imminent threats such as endemic violence, extreme poverty, or the effects of climate change. As a result, illegal immigrants can create complex difficulties for host nations, often finding themselves in a particularly challenging welcome. Established city dwellers may blame new arrivals for various urban problems like overcrowding and rising crime rates, potentially leading to activist groups pushing for anti-immigration legislation.