Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is a) Hemiplegia, which is unilateral paralysis following damage to the brain, affecting one side of the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
Unilateral paralysis following damage to the brain is referred to as hemiplegia. This condition occurs when one side of the body is paralyzed, typically as a result of brain injury or stroke. On the other hand, paraplegia involves the loss of voluntary motor control of the lower body due to the full section of the spinal cord being affected. Quadriplegia affects the arms, hands, trunk, legs, and pelvic organs, caused by a spinal cord injury as well. Lastly, monoplegia is paralysis restricted to a single limb. Considering each definition, the correct answer to the student's question is a) Hemiplegia.