Final answer:
Patrilineal descent is more widespread globally in comparison to matrilineal descent, with societies such as those in rural China and India primarily following patrilineal lineage.
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing matrilineal and patrilineal descent patterns, it is evident that patrilineal descent is more widespread globally. In matrilineal societies, such as certain Native American tribes, familial relations and inheritance are traced through the mother's line, ensuring certain kinship and property rights. However, societies that follow patrilineal descent, such as those in rural China and India, are more numerous, primarily because males carry on the family surname and maintain permanent family membership. As a result, the matrilineal system, while it has clear advantages, is less common than the patrilineal system.