Final answer:
The concept of a unitary, bounded, active, and permanent self is not universally held across all cultures; it is therefore false. Cultures such as African ubuntu and Buddhist philosophy offer contrasting views, emphasizing collective or transient aspects of self.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that all cultures have a concept of "self" that is unitary, bounded, active, and permanent is false. Different cultures have distinct views of the self, which may not always align with the Western concept of a separate, enduring individual self. For instance, the African notion of ubuntu suggests a collective humanity that cannot be divided, while Buddhist philosophy presents the idea of Anatman or No Self, where the self is not permanent but ephemeral and constantly changing.
In Judeo-Christian traditions, the self is often equated with the soul, providing a sense of continuity and permanence, as reflected in the beliefs surrounding the afterlife. However, this contrasts with the secular Bundle Theory, which views the self as a collection of perceptions constantly in flux. Furthermore, contemporary anthropological perspectives encourage us to view culture itself as an abstract concept, influencing but not determining individual identity and self-conception.