Final answer:
A person who is no longer under parental care is called emancipated. Emancipation is a legal status granted to minors giving them adult responsibilities and independence. The correct answer is option b).
Step-by-step explanation:
A person who is no longer under the care, custody, or supervision of a parent is called emancipated. Emancipation is a legal process through which a minor is granted the independence from parental control. It allows them to assume adult responsibilities before reaching the age of majority.
The concept of emancipation acknowledges the transitional phase where individuals move from complete dependency toward independence. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescents strive to develop autonomy and a sense of identity separate from their family unit, which may sometimes lead to seeking emancipation.
Emancipation can occur for various reasons. For instance, minors may seek emancipation if their parents are unable or unfit to care for them, evident in circumstances involving parental mental health issues, drug use, incarceration, or abuse.