Final answer:
The belief that one can understand or judge another culture based on the standards of their own culture is called ethnocentrism, which often results in considering one's culture as superior. It can hinder the appreciation of cultural diversity and the practices of others. Cultural relativism, on the other hand, promotes understanding a culture by its own norms rather than through the lens of one's own culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The attitude that you can understand or judge another culture in terms of your own culture is termed as ethnocentrism. This concept is characterized by the belief that one's own culture is the superior standard by which other cultures should be evaluated. Ethnocentrism leads individuals to view different cultures from the perspective of their own and often conclude that their own cultural practices and beliefs are more correct or advanced than those of other cultures.
Ethnocentrism can manifest in various ways. For example, someone who is ethnocentric might consider driving on the right side of the road as the only correct way, viewing other traffic customs as inferior. It's a natural human tendency to prefer one's own cultural experiences, but it becomes problematic when it leads to a lack of appreciation or respect for the cultural diversity and practices of others. In contrast to ethnocentrism, the concept of cultural relativism advocates for assessing a culture by its own standards rather than comparing it to one's own culture.