Final answer:
Acute renal failure is a sudden, potentially reversible decline in kidney function, not a genetic condition, and patients should not have a high protein diet. Chronic renal failure, which progresses gradually, can lead to anemia and small kidney size. Thus, 'None of the above' is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Acute Renal Failure
When discussing acute renal failure (ARF), which is also known as acute kidney injury, it is crucial to educate that it is not a genetic condition but rather a sudden and potentially reversible decline in kidney function. This condition is characterized by oliguria, disturbances in body water and body fluids, and electrolyte derangement. Causes of ARF can be pre-renal, related to issues with blood supply to the kidneys, such as hypovolemia from dehydration, or post-renal, related to obstructions in the urinary tract.
The nurse should clarify that chronic renal failure, which ensues gradually over time, can lead to anemia and decreased kidney size, which are not characteristics of acute renal failure. Moreover, it is important to note that a high protein diet is not recommended for ARF patients. Instead, they may require dietary restrictions, including protein, to reduce kidney strain during the recovery phase.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question would be c) None of the above as neither chronic renal failure being sudden, nor a high-protein diet for ARF patients, nor ARF being a genetic condition are correct statements for the nurse to include in her education about acute renal failure.