Final answer:
It is false that James Long was executed in 1822 after declaring Texas' independence from Spain; he was actually killed in 1820 after leading a failed filibuster expedition into Nacogdoches in 1819.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is false that James Long was the filibuster captured and executed in 1822 after declaring Texas' independence from Spain. In fact, Long led an expedition into Nacogdoches in the summer of 1819 and declared a short-lived republic. Although he succeeded initially, Spanish troops quickly drove Long and his forces out. Long returned in 1820 with a smaller group but was captured by Spanish authorities, imprisoned, and killed.
Long's actions were motivated by the belief that Texas should be included in American territory following the Adams-Onís Treaty, which many American expansionists like Long found unsatisfactory. Despite Long's efforts and the declaration of a Republic of Texas, his republic was not recognized and was short-lived. This was part of a broader context of American filibusters aiming to expand U.S. territory by taking matters into their own hands, often illegally, influenced by a sense of White supremacy and American male vigor.
Long's expedition, known as the Long Expedition, was one among many such attempts by Americans to assert control over territories in what was then Spanish Texas, reflecting a period of aggressive American expansionism and adventure.