Final answer:
Exegesis focuses on the original author's viewpoint and the text's historical context, while hermeneutics addresses the interpretation of texts with contemporary relevance. None of the answer options provided perfectly match these theological approaches.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theological approach that focuses on the author's point of view is known as exegesis, while the approach that aims to discuss doctrinal issues with relevance to contemporary problems is hermeneutics. Exegesis is a detailed analysis of the original text to understand what the author was conveying, considering the cultural, historical, and linguistic context of the time. In contrast, hermeneutics not only takes historical context into account but also interprets the text in light of current issues and frameworks, recognizing that meanings can evolve as a consequence of the interaction between the text and contemporary readers.
Therefore, when comparing the available options in the question, the closest match would be hermeneutic approaches paralleling the description of the second approach mentioned. However, it's important to note that none of the options provided in the question perfectly align with the distinction between exegesis and hermeneutics. Option A) Exegesis - Biblical theology refers to a specific analysis within the context of biblical texts, whereas biblical theology is the broader study of the themes of the bible as they develop through the narrative. Option B) Historical theology - Systematic theology are both branches of theology but they don't encapsulate the distinction between the analytical approach to texts and the contemporary interpretation. Historical theology studies the development of Christian doctrine through time, while systematic theology is concerned with summarizing doctrinal beliefs by topic. Options C and D do not correspond to the approaches described in the question.