Final answer:
The answer is a) Hammurabi's Code, an ancient set of laws established by Babylonian King Hammurabi that included provisions for compensating damages caused by negligence, such as flooding another's field by accident.
Step-by-step explanation:
If someone is careless when watering his fields and he floods someone else's by accident, the correct answer is a) Hammurabi's Code. This ancient set of laws, created by the Babylonian King Hammurabi around 1754 BC, was based on the principle of 'an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth'. In Hammurabi's legal system, compensation and retribution were often dictated by the social classes of the involved parties.
The specific law regarding someone who floods a field by accident can be seen as part of the extensive body of laws that Hammurabi established to regulate agricultural issues, irrigation, and property damage within his kingdom. The laws within Hammurabi's Code were detailed and aimed at ensuring fairness; they outlined the duties and rights of Babylonians, including protections for those who had suffered losses due to the actions of others.
Unlike the other options listed, which are the Ten Commandments, Magna Carta, and Common law, Hammurabi's Code deals directly with the type of situation described. It was one of the earliest written codes of law and profoundly influenced legal thought and the development of subsequent legal systems.