Final answer:
The four parenting styles are authoritative, characterized by balance and warmth; authoritarian, marked by strictness and high expectations; permissive, noted for leniency and little discipline; and uninvolved, which tends to result in a lack of emotional support and guidance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four parenting styles are authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. The authoritative style is marked by reasonable demands, consistent limits, warmth, affection, and consideration of the child's perspective.
This often results in children with high self-esteem and good social skills. Authoritarian parents, on the other hand, value conformity and obedience, are strict, and show little warmth, which can lead to anxious and unhappy children, although outcomes can be culturally specific.
Permissive parents are nurturing and loving, make few demands, and seldom punish. This style can result in a lack of self-discipline and poorer academic performance in children. Finally, uninvolved parents, often termed neglectful, are indifferent and make few demands, often leading to emotional withdrawal and increased risk behavior in their children.