Final answer:
Citizens cannot choose whether they are insured under universal health coverage; this statement is false. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) required that everyone have health insurance or face a penalty; however, the individual mandate penalty was later repealed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to whether health insurance is universal and if citizens can choose whether or not they are insured is false. The individual mandate provision of the 2010 U.S. healthcare reform, known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act or 'Obamacare,' addressed this issue. It requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty (Option c), effectively mandating that all Americans acquire health insurance. The government's involvement is also evident in providing health insurance programs like Medicare and Medicaid, which support the elderly and low-income individuals, respectively.
However, it's important to note that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 effectively repealed the individual mandate penalty by reducing it to $0, starting in 2019. Nonetheless, healthcare policy continues to be a contentious topic in the United States, where issues like adverse selection and moral hazard influence the dynamics of health insurance coverage.