Final answer:
Option B. Countries with Beveridge systems typically have lower healthcare expenditures compared to Bismarck systems, with the U.S. having higher costs despite not strictly fitting either category. Access and quality are key factors beyond cost.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to comparing healthcare expenditures between countries with Bismarck and Beveridge systems. While healthcare expenditures can vary based on numerous factors, the Bismarck healthcare system, as exemplified by Germany, typically entails health insurance through both employer and employee contributions and private healthcare providers. In contrast, the Beveridge system found in countries like the UK covers all residents through tax revenue and primarily uses government-employed healthcare providers.
Generally, countries with Beveridge systems tend to have lower healthcare expenditures than those with Bismarck systems, although there are exceptions and other factors that can influence these outcomes. The United States, for example, has high healthcare costs compared to other countries, despite not strictly adhering to either the Bismarck or Beveridge model. The U.S. system is unique with substantial private involvement, driving innovations but also leading to higher prices and less equal access to health services.