Final answer:
Event vs. Time Observational Schemes are methodologies used in time-based and event-based data collection in research, focusing on how data is recorded either by specific events or at regular time intervals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Event vs. Time Observational Schemes are related to the aspect of time-based data collection and event-based data collection in research. Specifically, event-based schemes focus on recording observations every time a specific event occurs, while time-based schemes involve making observations at preset time intervals, regardless of whether the anticipated event occurs during these intervals or not.
Participant observation is a qualitative research method where the researcher immerses themselves in the community or group being studied, often without informing members about their research goals. It contrasts with non-participant observation, where the researcher observes without direct involvement.