Final answer:
The Bay of Pigs Invasion failed due to the lack of support from the Cuban populace, insufficient military support, and underestimation of Castro's forces, leading to surrender in just three days.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Cuban invasion, commonly known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion, was a resounding failure for several reasons. Initiated on the night of April 17, 1961, the goal was to overthrow Fidel Castro's government. The invasion was crushed by Castro's military forces within three days, and the invaders surrendered. One of the key reasons for the failure was the mistaken belief by President Kennedy and his advisors that the Cuban people would support the invasion and rise against Castro.
However, Castro still had a great deal of support among Cubans, and there was little appetite for a return to a U.S.-backed regime similar to that of the ousted dictator Fulgencio Batista.
Moreover, the United States had armed and trained Cuban exiles for this covert operation. Expected U.S. military support, particularly air support, failed to materialize, leaving the invaders outgunned against Castro's forces, which were aided by Soviet military support. The Bay of Pigs Invasion not only humiliated the United States but also spurred Castro to seek and receive further protection from the Soviet Union, thereby firmly aligning Cuba with Cold War-era Soviet interests.