Final answer:
The answer to the fill-in-the-blank question is D) Speech, as it is the key element highlighted in the passages for enabling human civilization's progress and governing abilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is D) Speech. The excerpt poses a reflection on the attributes that humans have taught themselves, which include the capacity for fast thinking and various emotional states necessary to govern. The lines celebrate the various skills and abilities human beings have self-taught, among which speech stands out as a key element that has enabled civilization to progress. The reference to he hath learnt for himself all these suggests capabilities that have been self-developed, rather than innate or divinely bestowed. The options given are 'Haste', 'Creativity', 'Calculations', and 'Speech', and within the context of the passage, 'Speech' fits best as it is directly related to expression and the transmission of knowledge, both of which are crucial for a state's functioning and implicitly mentioned in the passages.