Final answer:
Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative comes in two primary formulations: the Formula of Universal Law, where an action is moral if its governing maxim can be universalized, and the Formula of Humanity, which requires treating others as ends in themselves and not as means.
Step-by-step explanation:
Immanuel Kant provides two primary formulations of the categorical imperative, which are essential to his moral philosophy:
- The Formula of Universal Law: This formulation states, "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law." This means an action is moral if the rule governing it is universalizable - that is, it could be applied to everyone without contradiction.
- The Formula of Humanity: This formulation commands, "Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end." Therefore, we must treat individuals as having inherent value and never merely as tools to achieve our goals.
Accordingly, the correct answer to the question is A) The Formula of Universal Law, which states that one should act only according to maxims that can be consistently willed as a universal law, and the Formula of Humanity, which emphasizes treating others as ends in themselves, not as means to an end.