Final answer:
The quote indicates a theme of collective disobedience and can be related to communal shifts during historical events like the Black Death. Post-plague societal transformations led to the decline of feudalism, with environmental factors like the Little Ice Age affecting agricultural productivity and societal structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The quote "All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned—everyone—to his way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all" suggests a theme of collective disobedience within a community. This can be related to historical events such as the shift in social structures and religious beliefs following the Black Death. The phrase does not directly pertain to any of the provided historical factors but aligns closest with the communal shifts experienced during the plague.
After the Black Death, feudalism declined rapidly due, in part, to peasants relocating to towns and cities in search of employment. This mass migration was fueled by factors such as worsening environmental conditions that led to the devastation of crops and vulnerability to diseases.
Furthermore, the introduction of epidemic diseases, such as the bubonic plague, served as a significant catalyst for the downfall of various societies and industries, just as the plague disrupted social hierarchies by decimating populations and weakening the feudal system.
Historians believe Inner Asian Steppe peoples transitioned from agriculture to livestock herding due to changing environmental factors. The Little Ice Age, for instance, was caused by volcanic eruptions and changes in the earth's orbit, which led to cooler temperatures impacting agricultural productivity.
As a consequence, shifts to different forms of sustenance and economic organization, like herding, became necessary for survival. Similarly, the transformation of Plains groups into nomadic hunter/gatherers in North America was influenced by environmental changes, such as the reintroduction of the horse.