Final answer:
The correct answer is option C) Charles Martel.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Battle of Tours in 732, also known as the Battle of Poitiers, was a significant event in European history. It was fought between the Frankish leader Charles Martel and the invading Arab armies of the Umayyad Caliphate. The Frankish victory at Tours halted the Umayyad advance into Europe, and is considered a turning point in the expansion of Islam in Western Europe.
Charles Martel, also known as the Hammer, led a Christian force against the Arab armies led by Abdul Rahman al-Ghafiqi. The Muslims, however, retained control of Spain, where the city of Córdoba became a major center of trade and learning. The defeat of the Umayyads in Europe by Charles Martel set the stage for the later Christian campaign known as the Reconquista, which aimed to push Muslims out of Spain.