Final answer:
A survey is a research method that uses questionnaires to collect data on behaviors, opinions, and attitudes from individuals and is commonly used in the social sciences and demographics.
Step-by-step explanation:
A survey is a data-collection method using a questionnaire—in person, on the phone, on paper, or on the Internet. This tool is essential for gathering data from a large number of individuals and is widely employed in various fields, including social sciences, marketing, and demographics. Surveys are efficient ways to collect data on behaviors, opinions, and attitudes, providing researchers with insights into the perspectives of the general public or specific segments of the population.
One well-known example of a large-scale survey is the U.S. Census, which systematically collects demographic data from residents in the United States. Survey questions can be both open-ended for qualitative insights and closed for quantitative analysis, ensuring that sensitive information can be anonymized to encourage honest responses. The systematic approach of surveys allows for a broad range of data to be collected, from personal habits to sociopolitical beliefs.