Question

What are Bacon's doctrines of empiricism and induction?

a) Empiricism emphasizes reasoning, while induction is based on observation
b) Empiricism advocates observation, while induction relies on reasoning
c) Both empiricism and induction stress the importance of mathematics
d) Neither empiricism nor induction has any relevance in philosophy

Answer 1

Francis Bacon's doctrines of empiricism and induction emphasize reasoning based on observation and sensory experience as the source of knowledge. Induction involves drawing conclusions from specific examples and observations to arrive at broad generalizations. Bacon argued that inductive reasoning is crucial for supporting observations and avoiding conjecture in scientific inquiry.

Step-by-step explanation:

Francis Bacon, an English philosopher, introduced the doctrines of empiricism and induction. Empiricism emphasizes reasoning based on observation and sensory experience as the source of knowledge. Induction, on the other hand, involves drawing conclusions from specific examples and observations to arrive at broad generalizations. Bacon believed that inductive reasoning, which relies on empirical data, is essential for supporting observations and avoiding conjecture in scientific inquiry.