Final answer:
When an individual is exposed to a needle stick without knowing their Hepatitis B immunity status, they should immediately receive post-exposure prophylaxis, including hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccination. This intervention provides protection against Hepatitis B infection, which can be transmitted in healthcare settings through needle sticks.
Step-by-step explanation:
If someone gets a needle stick and does not know their Hepatitis B immunity status, the appropriate response is to start post-exposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and the hepatitis B vaccine. Post-exposure prophylaxis should be started as soon as possible, preferably within 24 hours of exposure. This approach offers immediate passive immunity from HBIG and active immunity from the vaccine. Post-exposure prophylaxis is critical in healthcare settings, where the risk of HBV transmission can be significant due to accidental needle sticks or exposure to other infectious material. Additionally, testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies should be conducted to assess the immune status and need for further treatment.
Measures to reduce transmission of Hepatitis B in healthcare settings include the use of personal protective equipment, proper handling and disposal of needles and sharps, sterilization of equipment, use of 10% bleach for surface disinfection, and vaccination of healthcare workers. However, if an exposure occurs, immediate action is needed to prevent infection, with HBIG and vaccination being the standard of care for those without confirmation of immunity.