Final answer:
Patients with renal calculi should follow a diet high in calcium and low in oxalate, drink plenty of water to produce sufficient urine, limit oxalate-rich foods, and reduce animal protein, sodium, and cola consumption.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dietary recommendations for patients with renal calculi, particularly calcium oxalate stones, include a diet that is high in calcium and low in oxalate. Patients should aim to drink enough water to produce 2 to 2.5 liters of urine per day. It is important to consume an adequate intake of dietary calcium to bind ingested oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract, which helps to prevent the absorption of oxalate into the bloodstream and its subsequent excretion into the urine. Limiting the intake of oxalate-rich foods such as chocolate, nuts, soybeans, rhubarb, and spinach is also recommended, along with reducing the consumption of animal protein, sodium and avoiding cola soft drinks.