Final answer:
CML can be differentiated from a Leukemoid reaction by analyzing the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, performing a complete blood count and peripheral blood smear, assessing the levels of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP), and considering the age and clinical symptoms of the patient.Option d, By assessing the levels of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) is correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
CML stands for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, while a Leukemoid reaction refers to a reactive increase in the number of white blood cells due to an underlying infection or inflammation. These two conditions can be differentiated using several methods:
- Analyzing the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome: CML is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, which is a genetic abnormality resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. On the other hand, a Leukemoid reaction does not exhibit this genetic abnormality.
- Performing a complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral blood smear: Both CML and a Leukemoid reaction can present with an increased number of white blood cells. However, in CML, the cells are usually predominantly mature neutrophils and their precursors, while in a Leukemoid reaction, the cells may include a mix of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.
- Assessing the levels of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP): In CML, the LAP levels are usually low, while in a Leukemoid reaction, the levels are normal or elevated.
- Based on the age and clinical symptoms of the patient: CML is more commonly seen in adults, especially middle-aged individuals, and often presents with fatigue, abdominal fullness due to an enlarged spleen, and other constitutional symptoms. A Leukemoid reaction, on the other hand, is usually seen in response to an acute infection or inflammation and is often accompanied by symptoms related to the underlying cause.