Final answer:
A patient with dementia and gait problems is assessed with a combination of the coordination exam for gait, the Mini-Mental State Examination for cognitive functions, and additional tests like the Romberg test, brain imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis when necessary.
Step-by-step explanation:
To differentiate between a patient with dementia and gait problems, a multi-faceted approach is needed that includes patient history, physical exams, and possibly neuroimaging or lab tests. Starting with gait assessment, the coordination exam is a major section of the neurological exam where walking subtests occur, such as the station subtest and tandem gait. Meanwhile, cognitive deficits related to dementia are evaluated using a mental status exam, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which assesses areas like language, memory, and orientation.
The Romberg test is often used to identify balance problems that could impact gait, while brain imaging (MRI or CT scans) and cerebrospinal fluid evaluation can help identify specific neurological issues or rule out other conditions. These steps collectively enable a healthcare professional to diagnose either condition or, in some situations, determine if both are present and to what extent they influence each other.