Final answer:
The Pre-Raphaelite movement aimed to revitalize English painting and literature by rejecting academia's established styles and returning to the simplicity and color of pre-Renaissance art.
Step-by-step explanation:
The literary and artistic movement that sought to reform English painting and literature by advocating for a revival of the simplicity and pure colors of pre-Renaissance art is known as the Pre-Raphaelite movement. The Pre-Raphaelites were critical of the mechanistic approach that Mannerist artists developed following Raphael and Michelangelo.
They perceived the teaching of classical poses and compositions, particularly those associated with Raphael, to have
corrupting influence on academic art. Instead, the Pre-Raphaelites aspired to return to the detailed, intensely colored, and complex compositions characteristic of Quattrocento Italian art.
This movement emerged as a reaction against the dominant academic standards of the time, illustrating a desire to return to the detail, vibrant colors, and narrative richness found in early Renaissance art. The Pre-Raphaelites were part of the broader artistic transitions encompassing various movements such as the Classical Revival, Realism, Romanticism, and the development of Modern Art.