Final answer:
Aging leads to changes in the thorax and lungs, including osteoporosis causing kyphosis and affecting lung function. Lung capacity and elasticity diminish, and the immune system weakens, increasing susceptibility to respiratory conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
As individuals age, various changes occur within the body, notably affecting the thorax and lungs. Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder associated with the loss of bone density and strength, which can lead to a gradual collapse of the thoracic vertebrae. This condition causes kyphosis, characterized by an excessive curvature of the thoracic spine. The collapsing vertebrae can, in turn, affect lung function due to the altered shape and decreased mobility of the thoracic cavity.
Furthermore, the aging process affects the lungs directly. There is a reduction in lung capacity, elasticity, and muscle strength, which affects breathing. The diaphragm may also weaken, impacting the efficiency of the breathing process. As a result, the process of expiration becomes less efficient, potentially impacting the oxygenation of blood. These changes, along with a weakened immune system, increase the susceptibility to respiratory infections and conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia.