Final answer:
The question deals with extraterritorial jurisdiction, the principle allowing a nation to govern its citizens abroad, in connection to rights offered by the Fourteenth Amendment and international law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the principle of extraterritorial jurisdiction, which is the right of a nation to exercise legal authority over its citizens, even when they are residing abroad. This is a complex issue of international law that intersects with the principles laid out in the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing citizenship by birth or naturalization and protecting citizens' privileges and immunities. Additionally, the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provide for the right to freedom of movement and to change nationality, yet they acknowledge that countries have various laws regarding immigration and citizenship.
The Fourteenth Amendment identifies citizenship rights and protections within the U.S., including the 'privileges or immunities' clause, the right to travel, and the commitment to equal protection under the laws. However, international treaties and domestic laws will guide the extent to which a country can enforce its laws upon its citizens abroad. Legal scholars and courts have debated the extent of these rights, especially in relation to how they apply to state governments.