Final answer:
Baclofen is a muscle relaxant that mimics GABA, reducing motor neuron excitability and muscle contractions, thus helping to manage conditions like cervical dystonia. It differs from botulinum toxin, which blocks acetylcholine release, as baclofen activates GABA receptors to alleviate muscle stiffness and spasms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Baclofen functions as a muscle relaxant by mimicking the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is involved in the inhibition of neuromuscular transmission. This action allows baclofen to decrease the excitability of motor neurons, thereby reducing muscle contractions. In conditions like cervical dystonia, where there are excessive and abnormal muscle contractions, baclofen can be effectively used to reduce the severity of contractions and alleviate the associated pain and discomfort.
Unlike botulinum toxin, which inhibits the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, thereby preventing muscle contractions, baclofen works by binding to GABA receptors and activating them, which in turn reduces nerve signal transmissions that cause muscle stiffness and spasms. It is particularly useful in treating spastic movement disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury, which are characterized by involuntary muscle tightness and contractions. The use of baclofen improves mobility and eases muscular pain, thus enhancing the quality of life for individuals affected by these conditions.