Final answer:
Simple random sampling is the method in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, different from other methods such as stratified, cluster, and convenience sampling.
Step-by-step explanation:
When simple random sampling is used, each member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being chosen. This method involves selecting a sample in such a way that every possible sample of the same size has the same chance of being chosen. For example, if a teacher wants to select a group of students for a study project, she could put all the students' names in a hat and select at random, or use a random number generator after assigning each student a number. Stratified random sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then taking a proportional sample from each stratum. Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and randomly selecting entire clusters for the sample. In contrast, convenience sampling does not give each member an equal chance as it is a non-random sampling method, often leading to biased data.