Question

Which of the following descriptions is most consistent with a patient who has hypothyroidism?

A. Slightly obese, perspiring female, who complains of feeling cold all the time and having diarrhea B. Slightly obese female with periorbital edema and a flat facial expression, who complains of constipation, deceased appetite, and fatigue C. Thin, anxious-appearing female with exophthalmos and a rapid pulse, and who complains of diarrhea D. Thin, perspiring male with a deep hoarse voice, facial edema, a thick tongue, and reports of diarrhea

Answer 1

Description B is the most consistent with hypothyroidism, featuring symptoms such as periorbital edema, constipation, decreased appetite, fatigue, and a flat facial expression, all typical hypothyroidism signs compared to the other options.

Step-by-step explanation:

The patient most consistent with having hypothyroidism is B: a slightly obese female with periorbital edema and a flat facial expression, who complains of constipation, decreased appetite, and fatigue. This choice aligns with symptoms described in the references, such as weight gain, cold intolerance, fatigue, and constipation. Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland is underactive, which reduces metabolic rate and can result in a variety of symptoms, including a slow heart rate, and poor memory — all indicative of a lower than normal level of thyroid hormones.

The symptoms described in choice B also exclude hyperthyroidism because there is no mention of symptoms characteristic of an overactive thyroid, such as weight loss, excessive sweating, or increased heart rate. Instead, it includes symptoms like constipation and periorbital edema, which are more common in hypothyroidism. Also, the 'flat' facial expression mentioned is often noted with myxedema, a serious form of hypothyroidism.