Final answer:
Decelerations in fetal heart rate can be divided into three types: early decelerations, late decelerations, and variable decelerations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Decelerations in fetal heart rate can be divided into three types: early decelerations, late decelerations, and variable decelerations.
1. Early decelerations occur as a response to head compression during contractions. They are gradual and mirror the shape of the contraction. Early decelerations are considered normal and do not typically require intervention.
2. Late decelerations occur after the peak of the contraction and are associated with uteroplacental insufficiency. They are concerning and may indicate fetal distress. Immediate medical attention is usually necessary.
3. Variable decelerations are characterized by an abrupt decrease in heart rate during contractions. They can be caused by umbilical cord compression. The severity and pattern of variable decelerations determine the necessary action, which may range from monitoring to emergency intervention.