Final answer:
The term describing the inability to obtain work that matches one's qualifications is underemployment. It involves accepting lower-paying jobs than one is qualified for due to various circumstances, including a surplus of workers for certain skills. Davis and Moore's theory relates the importance of a job to the skill required, affecting the number of people qualified for specialized roles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to being incapable of doing any job for which you are reasonably suited by education, training, or experience is typically referred to as underemployment. Underemployment is a state in which individuals accept jobs that are lower in pay or status than what their qualifications would otherwise entitle them to. Examples can include a college student doing an unpaid internship, someone who is continually looking for work after being out of the job market, or an individual accepting part-time work due to the inability to secure full-time employment.
According to Davis and Moore, the degree of skill required for a job determines that job's importance. They pointed out that jobs requiring minimal skills, such as cleaning or answering phones, have a larger pool of qualified workers compared to specialized fields like engineering or healthcare, which require a high degree of skill.
When the supply of capable workers exceeds the demand in the labor market, underemployment can occur, leading to difficulties for workers in providing basic goods for themselves and their families, and potentially resulting in poverty.