Question

Angiographic data have shown that in patients with mild LV dysfunction, ESV of (1) ml is associated with a 5-year mortality of (2)%, but more dilated ventricles are associated with a much worse outcome ((3)%), and similar findings have been described with echocardiography.

Answer 1

Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. It is calculated by subtracting the end systolic volume (ESV) from the end diastolic volume (EDV). The ejection fraction is the percentage of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. Both SV and ejection fraction can be measured using an echocardiogram or a specialized catheter.

Step-by-step explanation:

Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. It is calculated by subtracting the end systolic volume (ESV) from the end diastolic volume (EDV). SV can be measured using an echocardiogram or a specialized catheter. The normal range for SV is 55-100 mL. The ejection fraction, which is the percentage of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction, is calculated by dividing SV by EDV and ranges from approximately 55-70 percent.