Final answer:
Visualizing the atrial septum in TEE involves using a probe to get clear images of the heart's structure, particularly by obtaining mid-esophageal views that show the interatrial septum and the fossa ovalis or patent foramen ovale if present. The multiplanar capabilities of TEE are essential for detailed examination of the septal structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Visualizing the atrial septum in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is crucial for assessing the heart's chambers and valves. The atrial septum divides the upper chambers of the heart and can be examined for defects such as atrial septal defects (ASDs). During a TEE, a probe with an ultrasound transducer at its tip is inserted into the esophagus, which shares close proximity to the heart, providing clear images of the atrial septum and other cardiac structures.
In TEE, the atrial septum is best visualized by manipulating the probe to the positions that give the most accurate views of the interatrial septum and foramen ovale, usually in mid-esophageal views. In particular, the biplane or multiplane capability of TEE allows the operator to rotate the imaging plane to optimize the view of the atrial septum and related structures.
During fetal development, the interatrial septum features an opening known as the foramen ovale, which closes shortly after birth. However, if it remains open, it is referred to as a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Evaluating the atrial septum using TEE provides essential information about the presence of PFOs, ASDs, or other anomalies that could affect cardiac function.