Final answer:
Newborn screening tests are state-mandated blood tests that are done to check for certain genetic and metabolic conditions in newborns.
Step-by-step explanation:
The blood tests that are state mandated for newborns are known as the newborn screening tests. These tests are done to check for certain genetic and metabolic conditions that may not be apparent at birth. The specific tests required may vary by state, but they typically include tests for conditions such as phenylketonuria (PKU), congenital hypothyroidism, sickle cell disease, and cystic fibrosis.
State-Mandated Newborn Blood Tests
In the United States, all newborns undergo state-mandated blood tests to screen for several genetic conditions. The scope of these tests varies by state, ranging from 29 genetic conditions in states like Georgia (GA) and Kansas (KS), to 59 conditions in Illinois (IL) and Mississippi (MS). These blood tests are essential for the early detection and treatment of disorders that can affect a newborn's health.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Proposal
Although not currently mandatory, there is a proposal to include whole-genome sequencing as a part of the newborn screening process. This advanced technology would provide comprehensive genetic information but is yet to be required by law.
The Apgar Score Assessment
Besides genetic screening, newborns are also evaluated using the Apgar score immediately after birth. The Apgar score involves assessing five criteria: skin color, heart rate, reflex, muscle tone, and respiration. Each criterion is assigned a score of 0, 1, or 2, with scores taken at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes after birth. The total score helps determine the baby's transition from the womb and identifies any immediate distress.