Final answer:
The correct main answer to the question is biological determinism, which posits that biological evolution is responsible for differences in behavior between men and women. However, modern research challenges this view, highlighting the role of culture in shaping gender identities and behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The argument that claims differences between men and women are rooted in evolution is biological determinism. This belief system asserts that inherent sex differences related to biology are the reason for differing behaviors in men and women. Sociobiologists, for instance, once popularized the view that men and women evolved distinct roles and behaviors that helped them survive and reproduce efficiently, generating stereotypical gender roles. However, modern research indicates that language usage and other gendered behaviors are not solely determined by biology. Instead, cultural influences play a significant role in molding how genders are perceived and enacted. This leads to the view that gender differences are significantly informed by social and cultural factors, not just biological ones.Literary scholar Judith Butler, among others, contends that gender identities are more socially constructed than biologically predetermined. Likewise, cultural anthropologists agree that gender is shaped within minds, social institutions, and everyday practices. This perspective is supported by various research outcomes that challenge the notion of strict biological sex categories and emphasize the fluidity of gender as a cultural construct.