Final answer:
Reduced sebaceous gland activity in older adults primarily leads to dry, itchy skin, as the glands produce less sebum, which is crucial for skin hydration and health. correct answer is b) dry, itchy skin.
Step-by-step explanation:
In older adults, reduced sebaceous gland activity causes dry, itchy skin.
As people age, multiple changes occur in the integumentary system. The sebaceous glands, which are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair, become less active. This decrease in sebum production leads to dry and itchy skin, which is a common condition in the elderly due to their skin's diminished ability to retain moisture. Furthermore, the aging process affects not only sebaceous gland activities but also leads to reductions in cell division, blood circulation, and hormonal levels. These changes contribute to a thinner epidermis and a dermis that has less capacity to regenerate, resulting in slower wound healing. Additionally, there is a reduction in the underlying fat stores in the hypodermis, contributing further to the thinning and potential sagging of the skin. Overall, the decreased activity of the sebaceous glands is just one factor among many that affect the skin's appearance and health in older adults.