Final answer:
Violations of OFAC regulations can lead to both civil and criminal penalties, including monetary fines and imprisonment. Civil penalties are imposed per violation, while criminal penalties apply to willful and severe violations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The civil and criminal penalties for violations and enforcement responses determined by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) are significant and can have serious consequences. Under civil law, when an individual or entity violates OFAC regulations, they can be subject to monetary fines and penalties. The OFAC may assess these civil penalties on a per-violation basis, and the amount can be substantial.
On the criminal side, severe violations of OFAC regulations can lead to criminal charges. These may include hefty fines and imprisonment, depending on the severity of the offense. Criminal penalties typically apply to willful violations that demonstrate an intent to defy the rules or laws set forth by the OFAC. Prosecutors, including the Attorney General, are responsible for enforcing these regulations and bringing cases against violators.