Final answer:
The z-score is a measure of how many standard deviations a particular value is from the mean of a data set. To calculate the z-score, we use the formula: z = (x - M) / SD.
Step-by-step explanation:
The z-score is a measure of how many standard deviations a particular value is from the mean of a data set. To calculate the z-score, we use the formula: z = (x - M) / SD, where x is the value, M is the mean, and SD is the standard deviation.
For the given data set with M = 20 and SD = 5:
- For a value of 30, the z-score would be (30 - 20) / 5 = 2.
- For a value of 15, the z-score would be (15 - 20) / 5 = -1.
- For a value of 20, the z-score would be (20 - 20) / 5 = 0.
- For a value of 22.5, the z-score would be (22.5 - 20) / 5 = 0.5.