Final answer:
The terms provided are related to the skin and its layers, describing ways in which something is related to (epidermal), beneath (hypodermic), within (intradermal), through (percutaneous), across (transdermal), or just below (subcutaneous) the skin, as well as applied directly onto the skin surface (topical).
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms epidermal, hypodermic, intradermal, percutaneous, transdermal, subcutaneous, and topical relate to the skin and its layers, as well as how substances interact with and penetrate these layers.
- Epidermal refers to something related to the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin.
- Hypodermic pertains to the area beneath the skin, particularly the subcutaneous layer.
- Intradermal indicates within or into the dermis, the layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis.
- Percutaneous describes a route of administration or procedure done through the skin.
- Transdermal refers to the administration of medication across the skin, especially for systemic effect.
- Subcutaneous involves the tissue beneath the layers of the skin, often used in reference to injections.
- Topical refers to a medication or treatment applied directly to the skin surface to target a specific area.
The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, and nails, which protect the body and have a variety of functions such as sensation and thermoregulation. The epidermis and dermis are two significant layers of the skin, with the epidermis being the superficial layer that provides a waterproof barrier and the dermis being the deeper layer that supports the epidermis and enables sensation and flexibility.