Final answer:
The term for normal breathing is eupnea, which is quiet and occurs at rest without conscious thought. Hyperpnea, on the other hand, is an increased rate and depth of breathing in response to increased oxygen demand.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical term used for normal breathing is eupnea. This mode of breathing, also known as quiet breathing, occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual. During eupnea, the respiratory system functions at a constant, rhythmic pace providing sufficient oxygen to all the tissues of the body without conscious effort.
In contrast, hyperpnea is an increased depth and rate of ventilation to meet an increased oxygen demand, such as during exercise or in response to disease conditions. It does not significantly alter blood oxygen or carbon dioxide levels but increases ventilation to meet the cellular demands. Forced breathing during exercise is a type of hyperpnea and requires muscle contraction for both inspiration and expiration.