Final answer:
When a client experiences severe headache and back pain during a blood transfusion, several critical steps must be taken, such as stopping the transfusion and obtaining a urine specimen. O negative blood is used in critical emergencies due to its universal acceptability. During blood typing, agglutination with both anti-A and anti-B antibodies indicates AB positive blood type.
Step-by-step explanation:
Immediate Actions for Adverse Reaction to Blood Transfusion
If a client receiving a blood transfusion reports severe headache and lower back pain, this can signify a hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR), which is a medical emergency. The nurse should take the following steps:
Responding to the student's question about transfusion during a critical emergency, the patient would receive O negative blood (Type O-) because it is considered the universal donor and has the least likelihood of causing an immune reaction in most patients.
Blood Typing Procedure
The technician in the blood typing test reported that both anti-A and anti-B antibodies caused agglutination, indicating the presence of both A and B antigens in the patient's blood. There was no error in the test, and this response demonstrates that the patient has AB positive blood type, the universal recipient.