Final answer:
The proper treatments for hyperkalemia include insulin and glucose to shift potassium into cells, dialysis for severe cases, diuretics to enhance potassium excretion, and kayexalate or Lokemia to reduce absorption, as well as sodium restriction and avoiding potassium-rich foods.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hyperkalemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of potassium in the blood, which can be life-threatening due to its effects on muscle function, particularly of the heart. The appropriate treatment for hyperkalemia involves interventions such as administering insulin and glucose to shift potassium back into cells, providing dialysis in severe cases to remove potassium from the body, utilizing diuretics to increase potassium excretion, and prescribing kayexalate (also known as polystyrene sulfonate) or Lokemia, which bind to potassium in the gut to reduce its absorption. In certain situations, sodium restriction and avoiding potassium-rich foods are also necessary to prevent exacerbation of the situation. These interventions are most effective when tailored to the specific cause and severity of the hyperkalemia.