Final answer:
Ovulation occurs after the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle and signals the beginning of the secretory phase. The endometrial lining is rebuilt due to increased estrogen, preparing for potential implantation post-ovulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ovulation occurs immediately after the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle. The proliferative phase is characterized by the increase in estrogen produced by the granulosa and theca cells of the tertiary follicles. This estrogen stimulates the endometrial lining of the uterus to rebuild after menstruation. Following ovulation, the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle begin, where the corpus luteum forms and progesterone further prepares the uterine lining for potential implantation of an embryo.
The proliferative phase typically ranges from day 7 to 14 in the menstrual cycle, leading up to ovulation around day 14. High levels of estrogen also result in changes that make conception more likely, including thinner cervical mucus and a less acidic vaginal environment. Ovulation marks the end of the proliferative phase and the commencement of the secretory phase, during which the endometrium secretes substances to support implantation.