Final answer:
Cryptorchidism is the condition wherein one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum, which can result in subsequent health complications like reduced fertility.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition referred to when one or both testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum is called cryptorchidism. This developmental issue can arise due to a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances or physical abnormalities. Typically, the testes descend into the scrotal sac during the seventh month of fetal development to maintain a temperature necessary for proper sperm development and viability. If not addressed, cryptorchidism can lead to complications such as reduced fertility or increased risk of testicular cancer.